Biochemical and hematological diagnostic indices of homozygous sickle cell anemia patients in the steady state

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of the use of some biochemical and hematological 
clinical indices as diagnostic parameters essential to the treatment and management of homozygous sickle 
cell anemia in the steady state. Twenty (20) healthy, homozygous AA human subjects and twenty (20) 
homozygous sickle cell anemia patients in the steady state were subjected to Hemoglobin genotype, 
packed cell volume (PCV%), white blood cell total (WBCTotal), aspartate amino transferase (AST), serum 
alkaline phosphatase (AP),  serum triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (C), Total bilirubin (Tb), and 
Random blood glucose (RBG) analyses. The experimental design is a single factor completely randomized 
design (CRD). Results recorded of the healthy human subjects and sickle cell anemia patients, expressed 
as mean ± standard error (S.E) (unit) were as follows : (PCV%) 45 ± 0.1 and 23.87 ± 0.2, (WBCTotal) 5.17 ± 3.94 
and 11.27 ± 3.94 (x 103/μl), (AST) 9.18 ± 1.16 and 19.5 ± 2.16 (U/l), (AP) 140±1.2  and 215.2 ± 1.3 (IU/L), (TG) 75 
± 1 and 117.87 ± 1.2 (mg/dl), (C) 185 ± 2.3 and 140.5 ± 1.2 (mg/dl), (Tb) 0.7 ± 0.1 and 2.8 ± 0.2 (mg%), (RBG) 
82.18 ± 4.16  and 90.87± 4.23  (mg/dl), respectively. The mean values of WBCTotal, AST, AP, TG and RBG were 
significantly higher (p<0.05) : but those of PCV% and C were significantly lower (p<0.05) in sickle cell 
anemia patients compared with healthy human subjects. Incidence of homozygous sickle cell anemia in the 
steady state correlated positively and significantly (p<0.05) with significant increase (p<0.05) in WBCTotal, 
AST, AP, TG and RBG; and significant decrease (p<0.05) in PCV% and C. The statistical regression and 
correlation between serum triglyceride and PCV% of the patients were significant (p<0.05), r = 0.983. 
Observed values of PCV% could be used with high precision to predict serum triglyceride levels of 
homozygous sickle cell anemia patients in the steady state.