Buffalo population (Bubalus bubalis) characteristics in Kosovo

Abstract

Buffalo population in Kosovo belongs mainly to Mediterranean type, which is spread in many countries of the Balkan 
Peninsula. The basic aim of this study was to characterize the buffalo population in Kosovo and focus on their 
breeding characteristics. In the past (up to years 80th), this specie played significant role in the Kosovo rural families, 
mainly used for its products (milk and meat) and work. In the last decade, the number of buffaloes has dropped 
rapidly for about 20 times less. Now, it is considered that population size is > 400 heads, in total. Buffaloes in Kosovo 
are characterized by black color, long and rare hair, curved horns, the average ear, shining eyes, and developed 
udder. The live body weight varies from 500 to 700 kg per mature animal. For the period of about 240 days of lactation, 
produce approximately 950 kg milk. Females enter in the first lactation after 30 months of age. Under rather extensive 
environment compared to some countries in Europe, milk production was lower in Kosovo for approximately 66.8%. 
The fertility traits to a large extent were poorer comparing them on indicators to achieving a 15 month calving interval, 
as ideal scenario in dairy buffalo breeding. However, there is an indication that this animal was less sensitive to an 
extensive environment and balanced ratio and a better management may have significantly improved overall traits. 
Design of the conservation program for this animal and study of the components of their products for their economic 
effects, and their importance in relation to genetic biodiversity require immediate attention of all stake holders in 
Kosovo.