Contemporary application in orthognathic and reconstructive surgery – Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis

Abstract

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) techniques have been widely accepted and practiced in orthopaedics, traumatology, 
and craniofacial surgery. Over the last two decades, using DO methods, many previously untreatable conditions 
have been successfully managed with outstanding clinical outcome. Although the mechanism of DO is still not fully 
understood, it is generally accepted that mechanical stimulation is the key in promoting and maintaining tissues’ 
regenerating capacities. In the management of severe maxillomandibular deformities, orthognathic surgery 
produces less than optimum outcome with greater chances of relapse. Inadequate bone contact, insufficient 
fixation, stability and partial or total relapse due to excessive muscle stretching are often observed. To overcome 
these disadvantages a path breaking work in the field of distraction, osteogenesis occurred. The present article 
aims at highlighting the advantages of this newly developed technique over previous surgical remedies.