Evaluation of management practices undertaken in emerging commercial fish farms in Uganda against food safety control measures recommended by international markets

Abstract

Selected commercial aquaculture enterprises in Uganda were evaluated for compliance with internationally 
recommended food safety-related control measures. Food hazard control measures at potential critical control 
points of: farm siting, farm facilities and premises, and facilities for feed processing and storage, chemical 
storage, drug storage and waste storage were evaluated. Requirements for traceability, legal and certification, 
standard sanitation operating procedures and food safety skills for farm workers were the other measures 
evaluated. On a scale of 0 - 5 where 0 denotes none, 1 very low, 2 low, 3 acceptable, 4 almost total and 5, full 
compliance, the majority of control points evaluated had average scores below 3, a minimum acceptable level of 
compliance with international guidelines. Feed processing and storage areas were the most deficient of the 
potential critical control points. Other significant deficiencies occurred in requirements for traceability of fish 
and use of on-farm standard sanitation operating procedures. Veterinary drug use, a common problem with 
aquaculture exports, was not an issue since none of the farms was highly intensive – a practice that would 
increase the risk of infestation of fish with pathogens and raise the need for use of drugs. The compliance gap 
requires food safety policy and practice interventions in Uganda and other sub-Saharan countries that plan to 
export products to highly regulated markets like in the European Union.