Food insecurity, land scale and Agricultural Income in Pakistan

Abstract

Hundred rural-based households (50 landowners and Sharecroppers each) were interviewed regarding 
income-consumption in relation with land-size, household-size and debt through ANCOVA model. The 
Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) was greater than one (MPC>1) while, intercept found negative 
(C<0) describes the serious gap in income and expenditures leading to negative savings produces the 
debt on respondent. We also found that, the income from agricultural is not capable to compensate the 
food expenditure. The debt and food insecurity are positivity linked and at least and on average, 4-acre 
land required meeting 8000 PKR/per-month equivalent to minimum wage for Landowner and 8-acre for 
Sharecroppers.