Developments in the use of Y-chromosome markers in forensic genetics

Abstract

Sexual assault is a significant problem facing South African society. The South African Police service 
indicates that between April 2003 and March 2004 over 52 733 rapes were reported. Our research 
focuses on the development and implementation of genetic identity testing systems for use in sexual 
assault cases. Genetic identity testing is achieved by examining polymorphic regions of DNA. Typically 
sets of polymorphisms are examined together to provide a genetic profile. The polymorphic markers 
most commonly used lie on the autosomal (1-22) chromosomes. While they have an excellent capacity 
to distinguish between individuals they do have disadvantages. In sexual assault cases it is often 
difficult to separate the female victim’s profile from the rapist’s profile. Analysis of Y-chromosome 
markers overcomes this by generating male specific profiles. In this review we highlight recent 
developments in the use of Y-chromosome markers in forensic genetics.