Newborn feeding preferences and experiences of HIV positive mothers from two Ghanaian districts

Abstract

Documentation of the feeding choices and experiences of HIV-positive mothers is needed to improve infant feeding 
counselling. The feeding behaviour and experiences of mothers receiving infant feeding counselling at two 
Ghanaian districts were explored. A postpartum survey involving 128 HIV-positive mothers, and in-depth interviews 
involving a purposively selected sample of 10 HIV-positive mothers were conducted. Exclusive breastfeeding rate 
was 62%. About six percent of the infants were given breast milk and infant formula, while 33% received breast milk 
and other feeds. Perceived stigma of formula feeding (odds ratio [OR] 7.50; p < 0.05), and perceived cost of infant 
formula (OR 0.37; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding for three months. In our 
multiple regression analysis, perceived stigma of formula feeding (OR 15.62; p < 0.05), and perceived cost of infant 
formula (OR 4.60; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Social pressure to mix-feed, 
local norms and “the baby friendly hospital initiative” also influenced infant feeding implementation efforts of 
mothers. Mothers face various barriers in implementing their feeding intentions. Policy makers and service 
providers in these districts need to address these issues in order to improve feeding practice.